Legislature(2009 - 2010)CAPITOL 106

02/20/2009 08:00 AM House EDUCATION


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08:02:43 AM Start
08:03:01 AM Overview(s): Charter Schools
09:59:20 AM Adjourn
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
+ Overview: Charter Schools TELECONFERENCED
+ Bills Previously Heard/Scheduled TELECONFERENCED
                    ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE                                                                                  
               HOUSE EDUCATION STANDING COMMITTEE                                                                             
                       February 20, 2009                                                                                        
                           8:03 a.m.                                                                                            
MEMBERS PRESENT                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Representative Paul Seaton, Chair                                                                                               
Representative Cathy Engstrom Munoz, Vice Chair                                                                                 
Representative Wes Keller                                                                                                       
Representative Peggy Wilson                                                                                                     
Representative Robert L. "Bob" Buch                                                                                             
Representative Berta Gardner                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS ABSENT                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Representative Bryce Edgmon                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
COMMITTEE CALENDAR                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
OVERVIEW(S):  CHARTER SCHOOLS                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
     - HEARD                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
PREVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
No previous action to report                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
WITNESS REGISTER                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
EDDY JEANS, Director                                                                                                            
School Finance and Facilities Section                                                                                           
Department of Education and Early Development (EED)                                                                             
Juneau, Alaska                                                                                                                  
POSITION STATEMENT:  Presented the overview on charter schools.                                                               
                                                                                                                                
KIKI ABRAHAMSON, President                                                                                                      
Alaska Charter School Association; Head Teacher, Fireweed                                                                       
Academy                                                                                                                         
Homer, Alaska                                                                                                                   
POSITION STATEMENT:  Presented a report on charter schools in                                                                 
Alaska.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
CATHERINE REARDON, Legislative Aide                                                                                             
Alaska State Legislature; Parent                                                                                                
Juneau, Alaska                                                                                                                  
POSITION   STATEMENT:      Answered   questions   and   presented                                                             
information on charter school funding.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
BRENDA TAYLOR, President                                                                                                        
Academic Policy Committee (APC)                                                                                                 
Juneau Community Charter School (JCCS)                                                                                          
Juneau, Alaska                                                                                                                  
POSITION STATEMENT:   Answered questions during  the presentation                                                             
on charter schools.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MARJORIE HAMBURGER                                                                                                              
Juneau Community Charter School                                                                                                 
Juneau, Alaska                                                                                                                  
POSITION  STATEMENT:   Introduced a  group of  students from  the                                                             
Juneau Community Charter School.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
ACTION NARRATIVE                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
8:02:43 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR PAUL  SEATON called the House  Education Standing Committee                                                             
meeting to  order at  8:03 a.m.   Representatives  Keller, Munoz,                                                               
Wilson, Gardner,  Buch, and  Seaton were present  at the  call to                                                               
order.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
8:03:01 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
^OVERVIEW(S):  CHARTER SCHOOLS                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR SEATON announced  that the only order of  business would be                                                               
an overview  of charter  schools by  the Department  of Education                                                               
and Early Development (EEC).                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
8:04:03 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
EDDY  JEANS, Director,  School  Finance  and Facilities  Section,                                                               
Department  of Education  and Early  Development (EED),  informed                                                               
the  committee the  department  has  a link  on  its website  for                                                               
information about charter  schools.  On the website  can be found                                                               
a directory of  charter schools in the  state, their regulations,                                                               
and a  description of  the application process.   He  noted there                                                               
are 24 charter schools operating  in the state and charter school                                                               
legislation allows up to 60 schools.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
8:05:07 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  BUCH  requested  the   definition  of  a  charter                                                               
school.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
MR.  JEANS said  a charter  school  is a  grassroots movement  to                                                               
operate a  school differently than  a traditional  public school,                                                               
but that  still functions as a  public school.  The  focus of the                                                               
school  may  be  on  an  alternative  to  standard  instructional                                                               
practices,  on   Alaska  Native  culture,  or   on  a  Montessori                                                               
educational model.   According to  regulations, a  charter school                                                               
can  limit the  number  of  children served  and  must develop  a                                                               
policy to be approved by the local school board and the state.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE MUNOZ  added that a charter  school operates under                                                               
a contract with the local school district.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
8:07:13 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR. JEANS,  in response to Representative  Seaton, explained that                                                               
a charter  school must teach  to all  of the state  standards and                                                               
pupils are required to take  standard state assessments; however,                                                               
the governance of the school is  different because it has a group                                                               
that sets  academic policy and  hires the principal  and teachers                                                               
under the requirements of the contract with the school district.                                                                
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE WILSON  offered her  understanding that  a charter                                                               
school may  be organized  by a  group of  parents unhappy  with a                                                               
traditional public school.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
8:08:42 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR.  JEANS  explained  charter school  legislation  directs  that                                                               
charter schools  will be funded  like any other  school; however,                                                               
when  the  foundation  funding formula  was  rewritten  in  1998,                                                               
charter  schools were  put in  a classification  with alternative                                                               
schools.  The reason for this  was that charter schools can limit                                                               
the number of  students and can focus on a  specific program.  In                                                               
addition, the legislation specified  that a charter school needed                                                               
over  200  students  to  qualify   as  a  separate  site.    This                                                               
legislation was amended  in 2002, and reduced the  minimum to 150                                                               
students  to  qualify as  a  separate  site;  in fact,  there  is                                                               
proposed  legislation that  would  change  the funding  mechanism                                                               
again for charter  schools serving fewer than 150  students.  Mr.                                                               
Jeans  advised there  is a  substantial  loss of  funding when  a                                                               
school population is under 150  students.  He opined the proposed                                                               
legislation is  a "step  in the right  direction to  help charter                                                               
schools, so  they can  plan and  know what  the funding  level is                                                               
going to be from year to year."                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
8:10:27 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  GARDNER asked  whether there  was hard  data that                                                               
indicates  charter  schools have  a  higher  graduation rate  and                                                               
fewer drop-outs.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
MR. JEANS  offered to provide that  information; however, charter                                                               
schools are  more often  than not elementary  schools and  do not                                                               
serve  the   secondary  population.    In   further  response  to                                                               
Representative Gardner,  he said he would  provide the completion                                                               
data  on   charter  school  students  who   continue  through  to                                                               
secondary school.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
8:11:40 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  SEATON   also  requested  a  comparison   of  charter  and                                                               
traditional  schools that  meet adequate  yearly progress  (AYP).                                                               
He  stated  the committee's  intent  to  look at  charter  school                                                               
success, individually and as a group.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
8:12:21 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR. JEANS cautioned the committee  that comparing charter schools                                                               
and  traditional  schools  can  be  difficult,  as  many  charter                                                               
schools do not have a  special needs population, or students with                                                               
limited English proficiency.  Unless  the student populations are                                                               
targeted, the comparison could be "apples to oranges."                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR   SEATON  observed   the  committee   needs  some   helpful                                                               
comparisons.                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR.  JEANS acknowledged  those questions  come up;  in fact,  the                                                               
home  school community  is often  surprised  by comparisons  with                                                               
like students at traditional high schools.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
8:13:51 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  WILSON   opined  parental  involvement   makes  a                                                               
difference in school success.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MR.  JEANS added  that  when the  factors  of ethnicity,  poverty                                                               
levels,  limited  English,  and special  education  programs  are                                                               
excluded, the various programs are comparable.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
8:14:44 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KELLER  observed although charter schools  may not                                                               
typically have  students with the aforementioned  challenges, the                                                               
option  is there;  in fact,  some charter  schools specialize  in                                                               
language immersion.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MR.  JEANS acknowledged  charter schools  are public  schools and                                                               
they  are  required  to  accept  the children  who  come  to  the                                                               
program.  He  repeated that charter schools can  limit the number                                                               
of children who attend and that they can target their program.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
8:16:06 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KELLER  asked for  a comparison of  charter school                                                               
laws in  Alaska with those of  other states, and a  comparison of                                                               
Alaska charter schools with public schools in other states.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MR.  JEANS advised  a comparison  is possible  of Alaska  charter                                                               
school law  to that of  other states; however, he  questioned the                                                               
fairness of comparing  "schools to schools in other  states."  He                                                               
said  that  most  of  the  charter schools  in  Alaska  are  very                                                               
successful, provide  parents with  choices, and are  supported by                                                               
the department.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
8:17:06 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  KELLER  then  requested   a  description  of  the                                                               
department's staff support for charter schools.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
MR.  JEANS explained  there is  one person  who is  in charge  of                                                               
supporting  all of  the schools  of  choice.   That staff  member                                                               
provides  information to  prospective charter  school groups  and                                                               
administrative  assistance   for  correspondence   schools,  home                                                               
schools, and other alternative schools as well.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
8:18:01 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  BUCH  asked  whether  the  information  that  the                                                               
department will  be providing to  the committee will  include all                                                               
of the  programs "that are  out there, whether they're  brick and                                                               
mortar or not."                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
MR. JEANS  assured the committee  the information will  include a                                                               
mix of schools.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  BUCH   observed  the   committee  is   trying  to                                                               
determine  funding  and  "where   the  money  goes,  and  without                                                               
information  like what  we're requesting  here,  we really  don't                                                               
know."                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
MR.  JEANS  agreed  and  said   the  charter  school  legislation                                                               
requires that  funding generated by  a charter school will  go to                                                               
that school, with  the exception that the district  can charge an                                                               
"indirect rate."   In some  cases, districts and  charter schools                                                               
negotiate  in their  contract what  services  the charter  school                                                               
pays for.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
8:20:21 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
KIKI  ABRAHAMSON, President,  Alaska Charter  School Association;                                                               
Head  Teacher, Fireweed  Academy, informed  the committee  public                                                               
charter  schools  are  innovative   public  schools  designed  by                                                               
educators, parents,  or civic leaders;  are founded  and attended                                                               
by choice;  and are more  accountable for their results  than are                                                               
traditional public  schools.  Typically  a group of  parents will                                                               
identify the need  for a charter school,  not necessarily because                                                               
they do  not like the  existing public  school, but to  address a                                                               
certain population or teaching philosophy.   She acknowledged the                                                               
charter school application process can  take one to two years and                                                               
quite a  bit of  effort.  Ms.  Abrahamson opined  charter schools                                                               
are one  of the  fastest and most  successful growing  reforms in                                                               
the country; in fact, the  first public charter school was opened                                                               
in St.  Paul, Minnesota, in  1992, and  16 years later  there are                                                               
over  4,500 charter  schools in  40  states and  the District  of                                                               
Columbia  that serve over 1.3 million children.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
8:23:28 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON further explained  the first charter schools began                                                               
in Alaska  in 1996  with one in  the Matanuska-Susitna  area, and                                                               
one  in  Fairbanks,  and  today   there  are  twenty-four.    She                                                               
described the grade  levels served by charter  schools across the                                                               
state  and also  that there  are language  immersion schools  for                                                               
Spanish,  German,  and Alaska  Native  languages.   Most  charter                                                               
schools are elementary schools and  differ, not in the population                                                               
served, but in the teaching methods used.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
8:25:21 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE WILSON  asked for  a description of  the different                                                               
teaching methods.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON  explained "a  core  knowledge  school" will  use                                                               
specific programs focused  on academics.  A  Montessori school is                                                               
based  on  the  principles  established by  Maria  Montessori;  a                                                               
Waldorf  school  is  based  on a  similar  method;  and  Fireweed                                                               
Academy, Tongass  School of Arts  and Sciences,  and Kaleidoscope                                                               
Charter School  are theme immersion  schools based  on integrated                                                               
curriculum  that   is  focused  on  reasoning   ability,  problem                                                               
solving, and connections with the community.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
8:27:28 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR SEATON  noted the purpose  for hearing an overview  on this                                                               
subject  is to  gain  a  broad understanding  of  this aspect  of                                                               
education.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
8:28:24 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE BUCH asked whether  Sand Lake Elementary, that has                                                               
a Japanese language immersion program, is a charter school.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON indicated  that Sand Lake is not  a charter school                                                               
but  an optional  program within  the school  district.   In some                                                               
cases, magnet  programs have been  converted to  charter schools;                                                               
however,  in  Alaska, unlike  the  Lower  48, the  only  "charter                                                               
authorizers" are the school districts.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
8:30:06 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR SEATON  asked for definitions  of alternative,  magnet, and                                                               
charter schools.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  clarified her expertise is  with charter schools,                                                               
and  she declined  to provide  a refined  definition.   She noted                                                               
that the  Anchorage School District has  many "optional programs,                                                               
or magnet schools;  ... a magnet school can be  a school within a                                                               
school."    She   opined  magnet  schools  want   to  provide  an                                                               
alternative program and are established  within the parameters of                                                               
an already existing  public school.  A charter  school differs in                                                               
the process that is followed  to establish specific requirements.                                                               
For example, some optional schools  in Anchorage are on a lottery                                                               
system, but  all charter schools  are required to have  a lottery                                                               
if they have more applicants than they can accommodate.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
8:32:21 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CATHERINE  REARDON, Legislative  Aide, Alaska  State Legislature,                                                               
and a parent, added the  magnet and optional programs are similar                                                               
to a charter school in that  they are schools of choice; however,                                                               
a charter  school is  managed by a  parent-elected board  and the                                                               
"control of money and funding is different."                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
8:33:44 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  GARDNER  asked  which charter  schools  are  also                                                               
neighborhood schools in  that they are a school of  choice, but a                                                               
student living  in that district  "gets in  no matter what."   In                                                               
addition, she asked  "are alternative and magnet  schools ... the                                                               
same thing?"                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KELLER expressed his  understanding that a charter                                                               
school is  defined by law and  a magnet school may  be dealt with                                                               
at the district level.                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  agreed.  The  charter school movement began  as a                                                               
system  for educational  reform that  did not  require a  voucher                                                               
system.  She opined the  federal government felt a voucher system                                                               
took  funding away  from the  public  school system  in favor  of                                                               
private schools, thus charter schools  were an option for failing                                                               
schools  that  still kept  the  money  in  public schools.    Ms.                                                               
Abrahamson directed  the committee's  attention to  the committee                                                               
packet  that   contained  the   Alaska  Public   Charter  Schools                                                               
Directory 2008-2009.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
8:36:56 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE MUNOZ commented that  the impetus for founding the                                                               
Juneau  Community  Charter  School   was  to  maintain  a  public                                                               
elementary school presence in the downtown area.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
8:37:41 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  GARDNER  advised  there  is  a  Native  immersion                                                               
school, a school  within a school (SEWS), at East  High School in                                                               
Anchorage.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
8:38:13 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  stressed the  Charter School  Association strives                                                               
to correct the  public's perception that charter  schools are not                                                               
public  schools.    In  fact,  charter  schools  are  similar  to                                                               
traditional schools  in that the  mission for every school  is to                                                               
provide students  with the environment  and opportunity  to reach                                                               
their  educational potential.   Charter  schools are  free public                                                               
schools and  do not  require tuition.   Admission is  via lottery                                                               
and  they are  open to  everyone  in the  district; for  example,                                                               
Effie Kokrine  Charter School is  90 percent Native, but  is open                                                               
to any  student in its district.   Charter schools must  meet all                                                               
of  the same  assessments  and state  standards  as other  public                                                               
schools;  however,   they  do  not   have  to  follow   the  same                                                               
curriculum.   The  academic policy  committee (APC)  that is  the                                                               
charter school's  governing body hires a  principal, but teachers                                                               
are hired  by district procedures  and all teachers are  bound by                                                               
the same system as all public schools throughout the state.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
8:41:37 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  WILSON  asked  whether  charter  schools  require                                                               
teachers to have extra credentials.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON  advised  some  Montessori  and  Waldorf  charter                                                               
school teachers  have received  special training,  but it  is not                                                               
required by  law.   In further response,  she said  this training                                                               
could happen in a variety of  ways.  Ms. Abrahamson turned to the                                                               
subject  of how  charter schools  differ from  traditional public                                                               
schools by offering  choice, not only for  families and students,                                                               
but also for teachers.  Teachers  may choose to work in a charter                                                               
school  because  they have  an  interest  in  the model,  or  the                                                               
methods being taught,  or a passion for the  population served by                                                               
the  school.   In  other parts  of the  nation  sponsors such  as                                                               
museums,  universities,  and  other organizations,  have  founded                                                               
charter schools to provide a choice for the community.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
8:44:49 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON  continued  to explain  the  role  accountability                                                               
plays for charter schools.   She reported only three schools have                                                               
closed in the twelve years  since the first charter school opened                                                               
in Alaska.  A charter may be  revoked if the school does not meet                                                               
or exceed  district and  state academic standards,  if it  is not                                                               
fiscally   responsible,  or   if  it   breaks  rules,   laws,  or                                                               
regulations.   A charter school can  apply for a waiver  from the                                                               
state to  alter its calendar,  its schedule, and to  deviate from                                                               
the district  curriculum.  She  noted another common  question is                                                               
how to monitor  charter schools and suggested one  way is through                                                               
the  renewal of  the  charter,  at which  point  the school  must                                                               
reapply  and provide  the district  with data  to prove  that the                                                               
program  has demonstrated  great  achievement.   She pointed  out                                                               
many schools in  Alaska are not meeting their  AYP goal; however,                                                               
a charter school  is held to a  higher standard and if  it is not                                                               
successful, it must close.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
8:48:13 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON then  addressed  the  topic of  freedom:     Each                                                               
charter school has  the ability to control the  curricula; to use                                                               
assessments beyond those required by  the district and state; and                                                               
to use alternate reporting systems.   In addition, the culture of                                                               
a charter school may be  "freer" and rely on parental involvement                                                               
for programs.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
8:49:46 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR SEATON  asked whether charter schools  can require parental                                                               
involvement.                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON affirmed  some charter  schools strongly  request                                                               
parent volunteers;  in fact, some  charters have been  written to                                                               
include  that parental  involvement  is required  -  this may  be                                                               
legal  because  parents  have  the  choice  to  not  place  their                                                               
children in the school.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
8:51:16 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. REARDON  offered her survey  of the existing  charter schools                                                               
on this  topic.  She  related three  schools did not  respond and                                                               
three schools ask  parents to volunteer for a  specific number of                                                               
hours.  However, in only one school  is it a requirement.  At the                                                               
Juneau Community Charter  School, 15 hours of  volunteer time per                                                               
quarter is requested, but it is not mandatory.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
8:52:57 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
BRENDA  TAYLOR,  President,  Academic  Policy  Committee,  Juneau                                                               
Community  Charter  School,  clarified  parental  involvement  is                                                               
sometimes interpreted  as classroom time or  janitorial work, but                                                               
the fundamental  goal is to  get parents more deeply  involved in                                                               
their children's  education.  Charter  schools make a  great deal                                                               
of effort to  communicate with parents and to  encourage all ways                                                               
to be involved in the education process.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
8:54:00 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  WILSON  suggested  charter  schools  share  their                                                               
successful  methods  of  encouraging  parental  involvement  with                                                               
traditional schools.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MS.  TAYLOR  said she  was  unsure  whether  there was  a  formal                                                               
structure  for sharing  information.   Although it  is improving,                                                               
the relationship  between districts and charter  schools has been                                                               
of a  competitive nature, rather  than a cooperative  nature, due                                                               
to the competition for funding.                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
8:55:38 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON returned to the  subject of procedural waivers and                                                               
the  allocation of  resources available  to charter  schools.   A                                                               
major point  of conflict with  traditional schools was  the pupil                                                               
teacher ratio (PTR).  A charter  school may have a lower PTR than                                                               
the  neighborhood  school because  it  is  able to  allocate  its                                                               
resources  for students  and staffing  with greater  flexibility.                                                               
As a  matter of  fact, a  charter school  may be  able to  keep a                                                               
lower  PTR  by  requiring  its   teachers  to  act  as  specialty                                                               
teachers, as  well as  classroom teachers.   A  classroom teacher                                                               
may also  act as  an administrator  or teach  physical education,                                                               
art, music,  or language.   She stated the state  funding formula                                                               
puts a total amount of money  in "the central office pot and then                                                               
they allocate that out to the  schools, whereas the funding for a                                                               
charter  school goes  into  that  school, then  it's  up to  that                                                               
school to decide how the money is going to be spent."                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
8:59:52 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GARDNER  asked whether  that situation  creates an                                                               
incentive for a charter school to  hire teachers who are lower on                                                               
the pay scale.  Furthermore, what  is the effect of a teacher who                                                               
stays on for ten years.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON  affirmed  the  current  statute  forces  charter                                                               
schools to  increase their PTR  or close when their  charters are                                                               
due to  be renewed.   In response to Representative  Gardner, she                                                               
said the  PTR ratio at her  school went from 14  [students to one                                                               
teacher] to  19 students.   A further  complication was  that the                                                               
APC can not hire someone based on the applicant's pay scale.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
9:01:50 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. REARDON noted that the PTR  at most of the elementary charter                                                               
schools  is 22:1,  which  is the  same as  the  "target" for  the                                                               
Juneau School  District.  She  opined this is the  fiscal reality                                                               
of operating any school.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
9:02:32 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  WILSON pointed  out that  a small  school in  the                                                               
Bush with ten students could close  if that count were reduced by                                                               
one.                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MS. TAYLOR reminded the committee  charter schools fewer than 150                                                               
students  are  funded  at  .84   percent  of  the  average  daily                                                               
membership  (ADM), as  opposed to  neighborhood schools  that are                                                               
funded at 120 percent of ADM.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
9:04:50 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  said the last  freedom that charter  schools have                                                               
is that  they are  governed by  an APC.   Frequently, there  is a                                                               
liaison between  a charter school  and the district, but  the APC                                                               
can act  as the administration  of a  charter school and  set the                                                               
policy on curriculum, schedules, and hiring.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
9:06:01 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KELLER asked whether parents serve on the APC.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON  said the  APC  at  her  school  was made  up  of                                                               
parents, staff, and a community member.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
9:06:40 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  SEATON recognized  the  witnesses online  as  well as  the                                                               
charter  school students  in  the  gallery; Abigail  Taylor-Roth,                                                               
Elia Krumm, Robert Newman, Kolson, and Gabe Cohen.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
9:07:24 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON concluded the  last difference between traditional                                                               
and  charter schools  is access  to resources,  despite the  fact                                                               
that  a charter  school follows  all of  the federal,  state, and                                                               
district laws and regulations, and  is required to meet or exceed                                                               
district  standards.    Public charter  schools  have  no  [free]                                                               
access  to  facilities and  typically  pay  costs for  utilities,                                                               
maintenance, and operation.  In  addition, charter schools do not                                                               
receive state  funding equal to  traditional public  schools and,                                                               
at the  district level, frequently  are not given funds  from the                                                               
local contribution to  schools.  In some  cases, school districts                                                               
provide a  facility, or a  shared facility,  but that is  not the                                                               
norm.   She described some  of the  facilities in use  around the                                                               
state.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
9:10:21 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  GARDNER  surmised  responding to  a  request  for                                                               
proposal (RFP) from a charter  school that must apply for renewal                                                               
every five years, is risky.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON confirmed being in  business with a charter school                                                               
is a huge risk.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
9:10:59 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE WILSON  asked whether charter schools  are allowed                                                               
to use facilities such as a gym or a music room.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  explained some charter schools  have a memorandum                                                               
of agreement  (MOA) with the  school district that  allows access                                                               
to   shared  facilities,   staff,   busing,   or  lunch   program                                                               
arrangements.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE WILSON pondered how to expand on that practice.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON opined  the legislature  could consider  changing                                                               
the statute  to allow charter  schools access to  existing public                                                               
facilities.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
9:13:09 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KELLER  ascertained in order for  a charter school                                                               
to thrive it must be on a  good basis with the local school board                                                               
and school superintendent.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  agreed; however, any partnership  has contentious                                                               
issues.     Academic  achievement   and  sustainable   growth  is                                                               
dependant upon  embracing education  as a  common goal  for every                                                               
student in a school district.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
9:15:00 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON, taking  direction  from the  chair, returned  to                                                               
complete her initial  presentation.  She cautioned  that the data                                                               
she was providing  was very difficult to interpret  and was based                                                               
on diverse  and small samples.   She said  in Alaska in  2007 and                                                               
2008, 21  charter schools represented  4 percent of the  total of                                                               
506 schools in the state.  In  2007, 170 schools did not meet AYP                                                               
and 3 of  those, or 1.7 percent, were charter  schools.  In 2008,                                                               
207  schools  did not  meet  AYP  and  9  of those  were  charter                                                               
schools.   An  important point,  she stated,  is, given  the fact                                                               
that  charter  schools are  underfunded  and  do not  have  equal                                                               
access to facilities, that most  do meet AYP.  Additionally, some                                                               
of the charter schools that did  not meet AYP were focused on at-                                                               
risk  students and  home-school programs.   In  fact, home-school                                                               
programs  accept students  at any  time during  the school  year.                                                               
Ms.  Abrahamson then  presented statistics  for the  Alaska State                                                               
Performance  Incentive  Program  (AKSPIP) that  was  designed  to                                                               
provide  incentives  for  schools   that  showed  improvement  in                                                               
individual students'  growth.  In  2007, 42 schools  were awarded                                                               
incentive grants  for levels  of outstanding,  excellent, strong,                                                               
and high, and 6 of those,  or 14.3 percent, were charter schools.                                                               
In 2008,  32 schools were awarded  grants and 3 of  those, or 9.4                                                               
percent,  were  charter  schools.     Furthermore,  nine  schools                                                               
received AKSPIP grants both years,  and two were charter schools.                                                               
She again  expressed caution when  interpreting this data  as one                                                               
of  the schools  receiving  AKSPIP grants,  for  both years,  had                                                               
eleven students.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
9:22:35 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GARDNER  asked whether it  could be said  that the                                                               
AKSPIP  grants are  not effective  in  changing behavior  because                                                               
they are not based on an even playing field.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  opined that this program  is not a good  idea due                                                               
to the number of factors  involved.  Furthermore, the funds could                                                               
be more "direct to the student."                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  SEATON stated  funding for  the third  year of  the AKSPIP                                                               
program was not included in the governor's budget.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
9:24:27 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. REARDON provided the funding  overview and directed attention                                                               
to the  committee packet  and a  graph titled,  "Adjusted Student                                                               
Count  for  Charter  Schools  vs.  Neighborhood  Schools."    She                                                               
explained that the graph deals  with the aspect of the foundation                                                               
formula called  the "adjusted  student count."   One step  in the                                                               
foundation  formula, that  adjusts the  average daily  membership                                                               
(ADM) according to  the size of the school,  puts charter schools                                                               
at  a disadvantage.   After  the  ADM, or  school enrollment,  is                                                               
adjusted,  this is  the  figure  on which  the  remainder of  the                                                               
formula is based.  Thus,  charter schools are treated differently                                                               
than  a  neighborhood school,  and  this  adjustment has  a  huge                                                               
impact on the finances of charter schools.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:26:28 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  KELLER asked  for  a  definition of  neighborhood                                                               
schools.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
MS.  REARDON said  a school  run directly  by the  district is  a                                                               
neighborhood  school.   Referring  back to  the  graph, she  said                                                               
charter schools  are treated  identically through  the foundation                                                               
formula  if  they have  150  students  or  more.   However,  when                                                               
student enrollment  falls to 149  students, charter  schools lose                                                               
about 45 percent  of state funds.  She opined  that this level of                                                               
funding is  "unsustainable."   The reason  for this  treatment is                                                               
that a  smaller school  is not regarded  as a  separate facility,                                                               
but as a part of the largest school in its district.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
9:29:02 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MARJORIE  HAMBURGER, Juneau  Community  Charter School,  informed                                                               
the  committee  that  some students  from  the  Juneau  Community                                                               
Charter  School  chose  to  come  and hear  the  overview.    The                                                               
committee  took a  moment to  recognize the  participants in  the                                                               
gallery.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
9:30:15 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  REARDON  further  explained  when enrollment  at  a  charter                                                               
school falls  below 150, the  host school district  loses between                                                               
$500,000  and $750,000.    In the  case  of a  one  year drop  in                                                               
enrollment, this  loss can be  devastating to the school  and the                                                               
district.    For  a  charter  school that  is  always  below  150                                                               
students, the  funding level is  so much lower  than neighborhood                                                               
schools it can not survive.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
9:32:29 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE WILSON  expressed her understanding of  the effect                                                               
of  enrollment on  the  foundation formula  because  of what  has                                                               
occurred in the public schools in her district.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
9:33:49 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  BUCH asked  whether the  issue of  charter school                                                               
funding was addressed by the task force [on education.]                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR SEATON affirmed that it  was considered, and several issues                                                               
are involved.  The task force  recognized that "the right fix" is                                                               
needed and left this issue to the committee.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON, in response to  Representative Buch, said the ADM                                                               
is determined over four weeks.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
9:35:47 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE BUCH asked for the  difference between the ADM and                                                               
the adjusted student count (ASC).                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
MS. REARDON explained  the ADM is the average  number of students                                                               
attending a school  during the first four weeks of  October.  The                                                               
adjusted student  count is  the increase or  decrease in  the ADM                                                               
that the state  makes based on the  size of the school.   The law                                                               
requires the adjustment  to acknowledge the economy  of scale; it                                                               
is less costly  to educate a child  in a larger school  than in a                                                               
smaller one.   The  smaller the  school, the  higher is  the per-                                                               
student  adjustment.    She directed  attention  to  the  handout                                                               
titled,  The  Role of  the  "Adjusted  Student Count"  in  School                                                               
Funding  that indicated  for  a  school with  between  10 and  20                                                               
students,  the  adjusted student  count  is  39.6; therefore  the                                                               
state base  student allocation is  39 students.   Furthermore, if                                                               
there are 75  kids in a neighborhood school, the  school will get                                                               
credit for 122 students; a  neighborhood school with 440 students                                                               
will get credit for 471 students.   She emphasized that the state                                                               
does not expect  a school to function based on  the actual number                                                               
of  kids,  but  increases  the enrollment  number  before  it  is                                                               
multiplied by  the other  factors.  Thus,  a charter  school with                                                               
fewer than  150 students is  "lumped in" with the  largest school                                                               
in  the  district  and  receives  .84  percent  credit  for  each                                                               
student.   The  source  of the  .84 percent  credit  is from  the                                                               
"additional children" to  the largest school.   Therefore, when a                                                               
charter  school reduces  enrollment from  150 to  149 credit  for                                                               
each child  is reduced from a  multiplier of 1.45 percent  to .84                                                               
percent.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
9:42:20 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  KELLER recalled  the  maximum  number of  charter                                                               
schools  allowed  in  the  state is  60  and  questioned  whether                                                               
funding problems are the reason that only 24 exist.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MS. REARDON agreed  funding plays a significant role.   A charter                                                               
school presents a risk to a  school district if enrollment is not                                                               
met.    Also, this  restriction  does  not allow  addressing  the                                                               
specific needs  of a smaller  population of students in  a medium                                                               
sized community.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
9:44:12 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  KELLER  opined the  district  has  the option  of                                                               
"filling the  gap" and if  there is  an alternative school  for a                                                               
specific population  of 75 students,  this restriction is  on the                                                               
charter school, but not on other alternative schools.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
MS. REARDON  agreed districts have  various options  for counting                                                               
and formulating alternative  programs, but a charter  school is a                                                               
separate entity.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
9:45:45 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. TAYLOR  added that  alternative schools  have a  threshold of                                                               
200 students.   Furthermore, even a small  alternative program is                                                               
formulated  within  a larger  school  and  will retain  the  full                                                               
credit for each student.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
9:46:28 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  MUNOZ observed  local property  taxes and  direct                                                               
grants from the  state support school facilities.   She asked for                                                               
the amount  the Juneau Community  Charter School (JCCS)  pays for                                                               
its facility.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
9:47:22 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  REARDON  said JCCS  pays  about  $60,000  a year  for  three                                                               
classrooms.  She  estimated that some charter  schools across the                                                               
state pay much more.  State  funds can be subsidized by the local                                                               
school  district,  but  the  state  is  funding  less  money  for                                                               
[charter school] students.   She emphasized that the  core of the                                                               
problem is  equity and it is  hard for parents to  understand why                                                               
charter  school  students,  who  may  be  schooled  in  the  same                                                               
building, bring lesser amounts of money to the district.                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
9:49:21 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  offered additional examples of  facility costs to                                                               
charter schools.   In  some cases, the  charter school  only pays                                                               
utilities, maintenance, insurance, and liability.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
9:50:08 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE GARDNER  asked whether  there was a  rationale for                                                               
this legislation.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
MS. ABRAHAMSON  stated that  her understanding  is that  when the                                                               
legislation was crafted  in 1995, there was  concern over whether                                                               
districts  would  divide  larger  schools  into  smaller  charter                                                               
schools.  Also, there was an  effort to make charter schools more                                                               
cost efficient.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KELLER  anecdotally reported on  his understanding                                                               
of the evolution of this aspect of the formula.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
9:53:37 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  WILSON  asked how  many  charter  schools are  in                                                               
school buildings and how many are  paying rent.  In addition, she                                                               
noted  the  various  funding percentages  for  different  charter                                                               
schools.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  SEATON clarified  the different  funding rates  and stated                                                               
his intention  for the committee's  policy decision  to establish                                                               
equity.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE   WILSON  observed   there   are  school   funding                                                               
inequities between regions.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR SEATON explained how the  formula is applied to school size                                                               
within each district, thus regional  issues of rural versus urban                                                               
are not applicable.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MS. TAYLOR  further clarified school populations  in the Railbelt                                                               
are increasing; in  fact, the Anchorage School  District will not                                                               
approve a  charter school with  an enrollment of fewer  than 150,                                                               
but in Juneau it is just the opposite.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR  SEATON pointed  out some  teaching methods  may require  a                                                               
lower school  population and  existing legislation  may interfere                                                               
with that.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:58:20 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ABRAHAMSON stated  there are  eight districts  in the  state                                                               
that  have charter  schools.   To  her  knowledge, eight  charter                                                               
schools  are housed  in district  buildings.   She concluded  her                                                               
presentation  with  an  example   of  shared  space  in  district                                                               
buildings and  then thanked the  committee for  its consideration                                                               
of this topic.                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
9:59:20 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR SEATON reviewed the agenda for the next meeting.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
ADJOURNMENT                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
There being no  further business before the  committee, the House                                                               
Education Standing Committee meeting was adjourned at 10:02 a.m.                                                                

Document Name Date/Time Subjects
2009_Charter_School_Directory.pdf HEDC 2/20/2009 8:00:00 AM
Charter School EED web-page.doc HEDC 2/20/2009 8:00:00 AM
Charter School Statutes.doc HEDC 2/20/2009 8:00:00 AM
charter school funding statutes.doc HEDC 2/20/2009 8:00:00 AM
Copy of charter per-student rate comparison.xls HEDC 2/20/2009 8:00:00 AM
school size factor calculation examples.doc HEDC 2/20/2009 8:00:00 AM